The crosstalk of breast cancer and ischemic heart disease

The crosstalk of breast cancer and ischemic heart disease

  • Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Laversanne M, Soerjomataram I, Jemal A, et al. Global Cancer Statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN Estimates of Incidence and Mortality Worldwide for 36 Cancers in 185 Countries. CA Cancer J Clin. 2021;71:209–49.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Li M, Wang H, Qu N, Piao H, Zhu B. Breast cancer screening and early diagnosis in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis on 10.72 million women. BMC Women’s Health. 2024;24:97.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Magnoni F, Corso G. Progress in breast cancer surgical management. Eur J Cancer Prev. 2022;31:551–3.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Fisher B, Anderson S, Bryant J, Margolese RG, Deutsch M, Fisher ER, et al. Twenty-year follow-up of a randomized trial comparing total mastectomy, lumpectomy, and lumpectomy plus irradiation for the treatment of invasive breast cancer. N. Engl J Med. 2002;347:1233–41.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Valente SA, Shah C The Landmark Series: Adjuvant Radiation Therapy for Breast Cancer. Ann Surg Oncol. 2020.

  • Baselga J, Norton L, Albanell J, Kim YM, Mendelsohn J. Recombinant humanized anti-HER2 antibody (Herceptin) enhances the antitumor activity of paclitaxel and doxorubicin against HER2/neu overexpressing human breast cancer xenografts. Cancer Res. 1998;58:2825–31.

    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Gianni L, Pienkowski T, Im YH, Roman L, Tseng LM, Liu MC, et al. Efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant pertuzumab and trastuzumab in women with locally advanced, inflammatory, or early HER2-positive breast cancer (NeoSphere): a randomised multicentre, open-label, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2012;13:25–32.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Ma F, Li Q, Chen S, Zhu W, Fan Y, Wang J, et al. Phase I Study and Biomarker Analysis of Pyrotinib, a Novel Irreversible Pan-ErbB Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor, in Patients With Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2017;35:3105–12.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Ma F, Yan M, Li W, Ouyang Q, Tong Z, Teng Y, et al. Pyrotinib versus placebo in combination with trastuzumab and docetaxel as first line treatment in patients with HER2 positive metastatic breast cancer (PHILA): randomised, double blind, multicentre, phase 3 trial. BMJ. 2023;383:e076065.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Saura C, Oliveira M, Feng YH, Dai MS, Chen SW, Hurvitz SA, et al. Neratinib Plus Capecitabine Versus Lapatinib Plus Capecitabine in HER2-Positive Metastatic Breast Cancer Previously Treated With >/= 2 HER2-Directed Regimens: Phase III NALA Trial. J Clin Oncol. 2020;38:3138–49.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Controlled trial of tamoxifen as adjuvant agent in management of early breast cancer. Interim analysis at four years by Nolvadex Adjuvant Trial Organisation. Lancet. 1983;1:257–61.

  • Baum M, Budzar AU, Cuzick J, Forbes J, Houghton JH, Klijn JG, et al. Anastrozole alone or in combination with tamoxifen versus tamoxifen alone for adjuvant treatment of postmenopausal women with early breast cancer: first results of the ATAC randomised trial. Lancet. 2002;359:2131–9.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Robertson JFR, Bondarenko IM, Trishkina E, Dvorkin M, Panasci L, Manikhas A, et al. Fulvestrant 500 mg versus anastrozole 1 mg for hormone receptor-positive advanced breast cancer (FALCON): an international, randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2016;388:2997–3005.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnston SRD, Harbeck N, Hegg R, Toi M, Martin M, Shao ZM, et al. Abemaciclib Combined With Endocrine Therapy for the Adjuvant Treatment of HR+, HER2-, Node-Positive, High-Risk, Early Breast Cancer (monarchE). J Clin Oncol. 2020;38:3987–98.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Gao JJ, Cheng J, Bloomquist E, Sanchez J, Wedam SB, Singh H, et al. CDK4/6 inhibitor treatment for patients with hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative, advanced or metastatic breast cancer: a US Food and Drug Administration pooled analysis. Lancet Oncol. 2020;21:250–60.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Schmid P, Rugo HS, Adams S, Schneeweiss A, Barrios CH, Iwata H, et al. Atezolizumab plus nab-paclitaxel as first-line treatment for unresectable, locally advanced or metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (IMpassion130): updated efficacy results from a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2020;21:44–59.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Cortes J, Cescon DW, Rugo HS, Nowecki Z, Im SA, Yusof MM, et al. Pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy versus placebo plus chemotherapy for previously untreated locally recurrent inoperable or metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (KEYNOTE-355): a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind, phase 3 clinical trial. Lancet. 2020;396:1817–28.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Rugo HS, Bardia A, Marme F, Cortes J, Schmid P, Loirat D, et al. Overall survival with sacituzumab govitecan in hormone receptor-positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative metastatic breast cancer (TROPiCS-02): a randomised, open-label, multicentre, phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2023;402:1423–33.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Caswell-Jin JL, Sun LP, Munoz D, Lu Y, Li Y, Huang H, et al. Analysis of Breast Cancer Mortality in the US-1975 to 2019. JAMA. 2024;331:233–41.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Zitricky F, Forsti A, Hemminki A, Hemminki K. Conditional survival in breast cancer up to 10 years in the Nordic countries. Cancer Med. 2023;12:17945–51.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu G, Kong X, Dai Q, Cheng H, Wang J, Gao J, et al. Clinical Features and Prognoses of Patients With Breast Cancer Who Underwent Surgery. JAMA Netw Open. 2023;6:e2331078.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Choi JE, Kim Z, Park CS, Park EH, Lee SB, Lee SK, et al. Breast Cancer Statistics in Korea, 2019. J Breast Cancer. 2023;26:207–20.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Afifi AM, Saad AM, Al-Husseini MJ, Elmehrath AO, Northfelt DW, Sonbol MB. Causes of death after breast cancer diagnosis: A US population-based analysis. Cancer. 2020;126:1559–67.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang H, Lin W, Chen D, Wang K, Tu W, Lin H, et al. Cardiovascular and Other Competing Causes of Death in Male Breast Cancer Patients: A Population-Based Epidemiologic Study. Clin Inter Aging. 2021;16:1393–401.

    Article 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Gonzalez-Marino MA. Causes of death from breast cancer in Colombia. Rev Salud Publica (Bogota). 2016;18:344–53.

    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Patnaik JL, Byers T, DiGuiseppi C, Dabelea D, Denberg TD. Cardiovascular disease competes with breast cancer as the leading cause of death for older females diagnosed with breast cancer: a retrospective cohort study. Breast Cancer Res. 2011;13:R64.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Abdel-Qadir H, Austin PC, Lee DS, Amir E, Tu JV, Thavendiranathan P, et al. A Population-Based Study of Cardiovascular Mortality Following Early-Stage Breast Cancer. JAMA Cardiol. 2017;2:88–93.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Fillon M. Breast cancer survivors face greater cardiometabolic risks. CA Cancer J Clin. 2022;72:303–4.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Armenian SH, Xu L, Ky B, Sun C, Farol LT, Pal SK, et al. Cardiovascular Disease Among Survivors of Adult-Onset Cancer: A Community-Based Retrospective Cohort Study. J Clin Oncol. 2016;34:1122–30.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Yang H, Bhoo-Pathy N, Brand JS, Hedayati E, Grassmann F, Zeng E, et al. Risk of heart disease following treatment for breast cancer – results from a population-based cohort study. Elife. 2022;11:e71562.

  • Ference BA, Ginsberg HN, Graham I, Ray KK, Packard CJ, Bruckert E, et al. Low-density lipoproteins cause atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. 1. Evidence from genetic, epidemiologic, and clinical studies. A consensus statement from the European Atherosclerosis Society Consensus Panel. Eur Heart J. 2017;38:2459–72.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Getz GS, Reardon CA. The mutual interplay of lipid metabolism and the cells of the immune system in relation to atherosclerosis. Clin Lipido. 2014;9:657–71.

    Article 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Swain SM, Whaley FS, Ewer MS. Congestive heart failure in patients treated with doxorubicin: a retrospective analysis of three trials. Cancer. 2003;97:2869–79.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Qiu Y, Jiang P, Huang Y. Anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity: mechanisms, monitoring, and prevention. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2023;10:1242596.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Procter M, Suter TM, de Azambuja E, Dafni U, van Dooren V, Muehlbauer S, et al. Longer-term assessment of trastuzumab-related cardiac adverse events in the Herceptin Adjuvant (HERA) trial. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28:3422–8.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • He X, Dai X, Ji J, Liu H, Shi G, Yeung SJ. Nine-Year Median Follow-up of Cardiotoxicity and Efficacy of Trastuzumab Concurrently With Anthracycline-Based and Anthracycline-Free Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Patients. Clin Breast Cancer. 2022;22:e80–e90.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Thein KZ, Htut TW, Ball S, Swarup S, Sultan A, Oo TH. Venous thromboembolism risk in patients with hormone receptor-positive HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer treated with combined CDK 4/6 inhibitors plus endocrine therapy versus endocrine therapy alone: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2020;183:479–87.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Raschi E, Fusaroli M, Ardizzoni A, Poluzzi E, De Ponti F. Thromboembolic Events with Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4/6 Inhibitors in the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System. Cancers (Basel). 2021;13:1758.

  • Lyon AR, Yousaf N, Battisti NML, Moslehi J, Larkin J. Immune checkpoint inhibitors and cardiovascular toxicity. Lancet Oncol. 2018;19:e447–e58.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Darby SC, Ewertz M, McGale P, Bennet AM, Blom-Goldman U, Bronnum D, et al. Risk of ischemic heart disease in women after radiotherapy for breast cancer. N. Engl J Med. 2013;368:987–98.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Jacobse JN, Duane FK, Boekel NB, Schaapveld M, Hauptmann M, Hooning MJ, et al. Radiation Dose-Response for Risk of Myocardial Infarction in Breast Cancer Survivors. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys. 2019;103:595–604.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Bikiewicz A, Banach M, von Haehling S, Maciejewski M, Bielecka-Dabrowa A. Adjuvant breast cancer treatments cardiotoxicity and modern methods of detection and prevention of cardiac complications. ESC Heart Fail. 2021;8:2397–418.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Peng H, Wang S, Wang M, Wang X, Guo H, Huang J, et al. Lifestyle Factors, Genetic Risk, and Cardiovascular Disease Risk among Breast Cancer Survivors: A Prospective Cohort Study in UK Biobank. Nutrients. 2023;15:864.

  • Yin WH, Lu TH, Chen KC, Cheng CF, Lee JC, Liang FW, et al. The temporal trends of incidence, treatment, and in-hospital mortality of acute myocardial infarction over 15years in a Taiwanese population. Int J Cardiol. 2016;209:103–13.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Sulo G, Igland J, Sulo E, Overland S, Egeland GM, Vollset SE, et al. Mortality following first-time hospitalization with acute myocardial infarction in Norway, 2001-2014: Time trends, underlying causes and place of death. Int J Cardiol. 2019;294:6–12.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • de Boer RA, Meijers WC, van der Meer P, van Veldhuisen DJ. Cancer and heart disease: associations and relations. Eur J Heart Fail. 2019;21:1515–25.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Herings RMC, Beest FJAP-v, Kamphuisen PW, Shantakumar S, MPPv Herk-Sukel. Myocardial infarction, ischaemic stroke and pulmonary embolism before and after breast cancer hospitalisation. Thrombosis Haemost. 2017;106:149–55.

    Google Scholar 

  • Habanjar O, Bingula R, Decombat C, Diab-Assaf M, Caldefie-Chezet F, Delort L Crosstalk of Inflammatory Cytokines within the Breast Tumor Microenvironment. International J Molecular Sci. 2023;24:4002.

  • Kong FM, Anscher MS, Murase T, Abbott BD, Iglehart JD, Jirtle RL. Elevated plasma transforming growth factor-beta 1 levels in breast cancer patients decrease after surgical removal of the tumor. Ann Surg. 1995;222:155–62.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Miles DW, Happerfield LC, Naylor MS, Bobrow LG, Rubens RD, Balkwill FR. Expression of tumour necrosis factor (TNF alpha) and its receptors in benign and malignant breast tissue. Int J Cancer. 1994;56:777–82.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Coussens LM, Werb Z. Inflammation and cancer. Nature. 2002;420:860–7.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Ben-Baruch A. The Tumor-Promoting Flow of Cells Into, Within and Out of the Tumor Site: Regulation by the Inflammatory Axis of TNFalpha and Chemokines. Cancer Microenviron. 2012;5:151–64.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Sheen-Chen SM, Chen WJ, Eng HL, Chou FF. Serum concentration of tumor necrosis factor in patients with breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 1997;43:211–5.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Ma Y, Ren Y, Dai ZJ, Wu CJ, Ji YH, Xu J. IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-alpha levels correlate with disease stage in breast cancer patients. Adv Clin Exp Med. 2017;26:421–6.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Wu Y, Wang L, Zhan Y, Zhang Z, Chen D, Xiang Y, et al. The expression of SAH, IL-1β, Hcy, TNF-α and BDNF in coronary heart disease and its relationship with the severity of coronary stenosis. BMC Cardiovasc. Disorders. 2022;22:101.

  • Dong Y, Chen H, Gao J, Liu Y, Li J, Wang J. Molecular machinery and interplay of apoptosis and autophagy in coronary heart disease. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2019;136:27–41.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang C, Hein TW, Wang W, Ren Y, Shipley RD, Kuo L. Activation of JNK and xanthine oxidase by TNF-alpha impairs nitric oxide-mediated dilation of coronary arterioles. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 2006;40:247–57.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Sutton CE, Lalor SJ, Sweeney CM, Brereton CF, Lavelle EC, Mills KH. Interleukin-1 and IL-23 induce innate IL-17 production from gammadelta T cells, amplifying Th17 responses and autoimmunity. Immunity. 2009;31:331–41.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Rebe C, Ghiringhelli F Interleukin-1beta and Cancer. Cancers (Basel). 2020;12:1791.

  • Celik B, Yalcin AD, Genc GE, Bulut T, Kuloglu Genc S, Gumuslu S. CXCL8, IL-1beta and sCD200 are pro-inflammatory cytokines and their levels increase in the circulation of breast carcinoma patients. Biomed Rep. 2016;5:259–63.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Nutter F, Holen I, Brown HK, Cross SS, Evans CA, Walker M, et al. Different molecular profiles are associated with breast cancer cell homing compared with colonisation of bone: evidence using a novel bone-seeking cell line. Endocr Relat Cancer. 2014;21:327–41.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Oh K, Lee OY, Park Y, Seo MW, Lee DS. IL-1beta induces IL-6 production and increases invasiveness and estrogen-independent growth in a TG2-dependent manner in human breast cancer cells. BMC Cancer. 2016;16:724.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Dinarello CA. Interleukin-1 in the pathogenesis and treatment of inflammatory diseases. Blood. 2011;117:3720–32.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Bevilacqua MP, Pober JS, Wheeler ME, Cotran RS, Gimbrone MA Jr. Interleukin-1 activation of vascular endothelium. Effects on procoagulant activity and leukocyte adhesion. Am J Pathol. 1985;121:394–403.

    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Eun SY, Ko YS, Park SW, Chang KC, Kim HJ. IL-1β enhances vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration via P2Y2 receptor-mediated RAGE expression and HMGB1 release. Vasc Pharmacol. 2015;72:108–17.

    Article 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Ibrahim MM. Subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue: structural and functional differences. Obes Rev. 2010;11:11–8.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Vgontzas AN, Papanicolaou DA, Bixler EO, Kales A, Tyson K, Chrousos GP. Elevation of plasma cytokines in disorders of excessive daytime sleepiness: role of sleep disturbance and obesity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1997;82:1313–6.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhao X, Sun X, Gao F, Luo J, Sun Z. Effects of ulinastatin and docataxel on breast tumor growth and expression of IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-alpha. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2011;30:22.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Tripsianis G, Papadopoulou E, Anagnostopoulos K, Botaitis S, Katotomichelakis M, Romanidis K, et al. Coexpression of IL-6 and TNF-α: prognostic significance on breast cancer outcome. Neoplasma. 2014;61:205–12.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Sansone P, Storci G, Tavolari S, Guarnieri T, Giovannini C, Taffurelli M, et al. IL-6 triggers malignant features in mammospheres from human ductal breast carcinoma and normal mammary gland. J Clin Investig. 2007;117:3988–4002.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Cai T, Zhang Y, Ho Y-L, Link N, Sun J, Huang J, et al. Association of Interleukin 6 Receptor Variant With Cardiovascular Disease Effects of Interleukin 6 Receptor Blocking Therapy. JAMA Cardiology. 2018;3:849–57.

  • Huber SA, Sakkinen P, Conze D, Hardin N, Tracy R. Interleukin-6 exacerbates early atherosclerosis in mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1999;19:2364–7.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Ridker PM, Devalaraja M, Baeres FMM, Engelmann MDM, Hovingh GK, Ivkovic M, et al. IL-6 inhibition with ziltivekimab in patients at high atherosclerotic risk (RESCUE): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 2 trial. Lancet. 2021;397:2060–9.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Ridker PM. From C-Reactive Protein to Interleukin-6 to Interleukin-1: Moving Upstream To Identify Novel Targets for Atheroprotection. Circ Res. 2016;118:145–56.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Ikeda U, Ikeda M, Oohara T, Oguchi A, Kamitani T, Tsuruya Y, et al. Interleukin 6 stimulates growth of vascular smooth muscle cells in a PDGF-dependent manner. Am J Physiol. 1991;260:H1713–7.

    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Shah PK, Falk E, Badimon JJ, Fernandez-Ortiz A, Mailhac A, Villareal-Levy G, et al. Human monocyte-derived macrophages induce collagen breakdown in fibrous caps of atherosclerotic plaques. Potential role of matrix-degrading metalloproteinases and implications for plaque rupture. Circulation. 1995;92:1565–9.

    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Imamura T, Hikita A, Inoue Y. The roles of TGF-beta signaling in carcinogenesis and breast cancer metastasis. Breast Cancer. 2012;19:118–24.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Yang L, Pang Y, Moses HL. TGF-beta and immune cells: an important regulatory axis in the tumor microenvironment and progression. Trends Immunol. 2010;31:220–7.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Frangogiannis NG. Transforming growth factor-beta in myocardial disease. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2022;19:435–55.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Ikeuchi M, Tsutsui H, Shiomi T, Matsusaka H, Matsushima S, Wen J, et al. Inhibition of TGF-beta signaling exacerbates early cardiac dysfunction but prevents late remodeling after infarction. Cardiovasc Res. 2004;64:526–35.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Vander Heiden MG, Cantley LC, Thompson CB. Understanding the Warburg effect: the metabolic requirements of cell proliferation. Science. 2009;324:1029–33.

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Bian X, Liu R, Meng Y, Xing D, Xu D, Lu Z Lipid metabolism and cancer. J Exp Med. 2021;218:e20201606.

  • Liberti MV, Locasale JW. The Warburg Effect: How Does it Benefit Cancer Cells? Trends Biochem Sci. 2016;41:211–8.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Hasin T, Gerber Y, Weston SA, Jiang R, Killian JM, Manemann SM, et al. Heart Failure After Myocardial Infarction Is Associated With Increased Risk of Cancer. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;68:265–71.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Rinde LB, Småbrekke B, Hald EM, Brodin EE, Njølstad I, Mathiesen EB, et al. Myocardial infarction and future risk of cancer in the general population—the Tromsø Study. Eur J Epidemiol. 2017;32:193–201.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee IM, Shiroma EJ, Lobelo F, Puska P, Blair SN, Katzmarzyk PT, et al. Effect of physical inactivity on major non-communicable diseases worldwide: an analysis of burden of disease and life expectancy. Lancet. 2012;380:219–29.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Poirier P, Giles TD, Bray GA, Hong Y, Stern JS, Pi-Sunyer FX, et al. Obesity and cardiovascular disease: pathophysiology, evaluation, and effect of weight loss: an update of the 1997 American Heart Association Scientific Statement on Obesity and Heart Disease from the Obesity Committee of the Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism. Circulation. 2006;113:898–918.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Vrieling A, Buck K, Kaaks R, Chang-Claude J. Adult weight gain in relation to breast cancer risk by estrogen and progesterone receptor status: a meta-analysis. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2010;123:641–9.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Lu Y, Wang Z, Zheng L. Association of smoking with coronary artery disease and myocardial infarction: A Mendelian randomization study. Eur J Preventive Cardiol. 2021;28:e11–e2.

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Macacu A, Autier P, Boniol M, Boyle P. Active and passive smoking and risk of breast cancer: a meta-analysis. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2015;154:213–24.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Caller T, Rotem I, Shaihov-Teper O, Lendengolts D, Schary Y, Shai R, et al. Small Extracellular Vesicles From Infarcted and Failing Heart Accelerate Tumor Growth. Circulation. 2024.

  • Koelwyn GJ, Newman AAC, Afonso MS, van Solingen C, Corr EM, Brown EJ, et al. Myocardial infarction accelerates breast cancer via innate immune reprogramming. Nat Med. 2020;26:1452–8.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Kwan ML, Ambrosone CB, Lee MM, Barlow J, Krathwohl SE, Ergas IJ, et al. The Pathways Study: a prospective study of breast cancer survivorship within Kaiser Permanente Northern California. Cancer Causes Control. 2008;19:1065–76.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Caan B, Sternfeld B, Gunderson E, Coates A, Quesenberry C, Slattery ML. Life After Cancer Epidemiology (LACE) Study: a cohort of early stage breast cancer survivors (United States). Cancer Causes Control. 2005;16:545–56.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Zheng Y, Gao W, Wang S, Qi B, Qi Z, Hu X, et al. Myocardial Infarction-Induced INSL6 Decrease Contributes to Breast Cancer Progression. Dis Markers. 2023;2023:8702914.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Tani T, Oikawa M, Misaka T, Ishida T, Takeishi Y. Heart Failure Post-Myocardial Infarction Promotes Mammary Tumor Growth Through the NGF-TRKA Pathway. JACC CardioOncol. 2024;6:55–66.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Avraham S, Abu-Sharki S, Shofti R, Haas T, Korin B, Kalfon R, et al. Early Cardiac Remodeling Promotes Tumor Growth and Metastasis. Circulation. 2020;142:670–83.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Awwad L, Goldenberg T, Langier-Goncalves I, Aronheim A Cardiac Remodeling in the Absence of Cardiac Contractile Dysfunction Is Sufficient to Promote Cancer Progression. Cells. 2022;11:1108.

  • Awwad L, Aronheim A. Cardiac Dysfunction Promotes Cancer Progression via Multiple Secreted Factors. Cancer Res. 2022;82:1753–61.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Langier Goncalves I, Awwad L, Aviram S, Izraeli T, Achlaug L, Aronheim A Heart Failure Promotes Cancer Progression in an Integrin beta1-Dependent Manner. Int J Mol Sci. 2023;24:17367.

  • Gu X, Zhu Y, Su J, Wang S, Su X, Ding X, et al. Lactate-induced activation of tumor-associated fibroblasts and IL-8-mediated macrophage recruitment promote lung cancer progression. Redox Biol. 2024;74:103209.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Lu Y, Yang Y, Chang T, Jiang Q, Yang C, Fu C, et al. Lactate drives CD38 signaling to promote Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition through Snail induction in non-small cell lung cancer cells. J Cell Commun Signal. 2024;18:e12018.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Kim DY, Youn JC, Park MS, Lee S, Choi SW, Ryu KH, et al. Cardiovascular outcome of breast cancer patients with concomitant radiotherapy and chemotherapy: A 10-year multicenter cohort study. J Cardiol. 2019;74:175–81.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Srikanthan K, Klug R, Tirona M, Thompson E, Visweshwar H, Puri N, et al. Creating a Biomarker Panel for Early Detection of Chemotherapy Related Cardiac Dysfunction in Breast Cancer Patients. J Clin Exp Cardiolog. 2017;8:507.

  • Khouri MG, Douglas PS, Mackey JR, Martin M, Scott JM, Scherrer-Crosbie M, et al. Cancer therapy-induced cardiac toxicity in early breast cancer: addressing the unresolved issues. Circulation. 2012;126:2749–63.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Zamorano JL, Lancellotti P, Rodriguez Munoz D, Aboyans V, Asteggiano R, Galderisi M, et al. 2016 ESC Position Paper on cancer treatments and cardiovascular toxicity developed under the auspices of the ESC Committee for Practice Guidelines: The Task Force for cancer treatments and cardiovascular toxicity of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Eur Heart J. 2016;37:2768–801.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Curigliano G, Cardinale D, Dent S, Criscitiello C, Aseyev O, Lenihan D, et al. Cardiotoxicity of anticancer treatments: Epidemiology, detection, and management. CA Cancer J Clin. 2016;66:309–25.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Berry GJ, Jorden M. Pathology of radiation and anthracycline cardiotoxicity. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2005;44:630–7.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee C-H, Zhang J-F, Yuan KS-P, Wu ATH, Wu S-Y. Risk of cardiotoxicity induced by adjuvant anthracycline-based chemotherapy and radiotherapy in young and old Asian women with breast cancer. Strahlentherapie und Onkol. 2019;195:629–39.

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Shah K, Gupta S, Ghosh J, Bajpai J, Maheshwari A. Acute non-ST elevation myocardial infarction following paclitaxel administration for ovarian carcinoma: a case report and review of literature. J Cancer Res Ther. 2012;8:442–4.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Schrader C, Keussen C, Bewig B, von, Freier A, Lins M. Symptoms and signs of an acute myocardial ischemia caused by chemotherapy with Paclitaxel (Taxol) in a patient with metastatic ovarian carcinoma. Eur J Med Res. 2005;10:498–501.

    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Park SH, Byon JS, Lee SW, Lee SJ, Jin DK, Shin WY. Coronary artery thrombosis associated with Paclitaxel in advanced ovarian cancer. Korean Circ J. 2009;39:124–7.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Nguyen-Ho P, Kleiman NS, Verani MS. Acute myocardial infarction and cardiac arrest in a patient receiving paclitaxel. Can J Cardiol. 2003;19:300–2.

    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Hotchkiss KA, Ashton AW, Mahmood R, Russell RG, Sparano JA, Schwartz EL. Inhibition of endothelial cell function in vitro and angiogenesis in vivo by docetaxel (Taxotere): association with impaired repositioning of the microtubule organizing center. Mol Cancer Ther. 2002;1:1191–200.

    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Peng J, Dong C, Wang C, Li W, Yu H, Zhang M, et al. Cardiotoxicity of 5-fluorouracil and capecitabine in Chinese patients: a prospective study. Cancer Commun (Lond). 2018;38:22.

    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Sudhoff T, Enderle MD, Pahlke M, Petz C, Teschendorf C, Graeven U, et al. 5-Fluorouracil induces arterial vasocontractions. Ann Oncol. 2004;15:661–4.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Shoemaker LK, Arora U, Rocha Lima CM. 5-fluorouracil-induced coronary vasospasm. Cancer Control. 2004;11:46–9.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Mosseri M, Fingert HJ, Varticovski L, Chokshi S, Isner JM. In vitro evidence that myocardial ischemia resulting from 5-fluorouracil chemotherapy is due to protein kinase C-mediated vasoconstriction of vascular smooth muscle. Cancer Res. 1993;53:3028–33.

    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Jensen SA, Sorensen JB. 5-fluorouracil-based therapy induces endovascular injury having potential significance to development of clinically overt cardiotoxicity. Cancer Chemother Pharm. 2012;69:57–64.

    Article 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Ozturk B, Tacoy G, Coskun U, Yaman E, Sahin G, Buyukberber S, et al. Gemcitabine-induced acute coronary syndrome: a case report. Med Princ Pr. 2009;18:76–80.

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Kalapura T, Krishnamurthy M, Reddy CV. Acute myocardial infarction following gemcitabine therapy-a case report. Angiology. 1999;50:1021–5.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Katircibasi MT, Eken A. Gemcitabine-induced coronary vasospasm: A case report. Turk Kardiyol Dern Ars. 2017;45:172–5.

    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Kohler BA, Sherman RL, Howlader N, Jemal A, Ryerson AB, Henry KA, et al. Annual Report to the Nation on the Status of Cancer, 1975-2011, Featuring Incidence of Breast Cancer Subtypes by Race/Ethnicity, Poverty, and State. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2015;107:djv048.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Ren J, Kelley RO. Cardiac health in women with metabolic syndrome: clinical aspects and pathophysiology. Obes (Silver Spring). 2009;17:1114–23.

    Article 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Nita AR, Knock GA, Heads RJ. Signalling mechanisms in the cardiovascular protective effects of estrogen: With a focus on rapid/membrane signalling. Curr Res Physiol. 2021;4:103–18.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Barton M. Cholesterol and atherosclerosis: modulation by oestrogen. Curr Opin Lipido. 2013;24:214–20.

    Article 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Yu Q, Xu Y, Yu E, Zheng Z. Risk of cardiovascular disease in breast cancer patients receiving aromatase inhibitors vs. tamoxifen: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Pharm Ther. 2022;47:575–87.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Lai SW, Lin CL, Liao KF. Association between tamoxifen use and acute myocardial infarction in women with breast cancer. Med (Balti). 2019;98:e13925.

    Article 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • McDonald CC, Stewart HJ. Fatal myocardial infarction in the Scottish adjuvant tamoxifen trial. The Scottish Breast Cancer Committee. BMJ. 1991;303:435–7.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Costantino JP, Kuller LH, Ives DG, Fisher B, Dignam J. Coronary heart disease mortality and adjuvant tamoxifen therapy. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1997;89:776–82.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Bradbury BD, Lash TL, Kaye JA, Jick SS. Tamoxifen-treated breast carcinoma patients and the risk of acute myocardial infarction and newly-diagnosed angina. Cancer. 2005;103:1114–21.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Moslehi JJ, Salem JE, Sosman JA, Lebrun-Vignes B, Johnson DB. Increased reporting of fatal immune checkpoint inhibitor-associated myocarditis. Lancet. 2018;391:933.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Bar J, Markel G, Gottfried T, Percik R, Leibowitz-Amit R, Berger R, et al. Acute vascular events as a possibly related adverse event of immunotherapy: a single-institute retrospective study. Eur J Cancer. 2019;120:122–31.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Postow MA, Sidlow R, Hellmann MD. Immune-Related Adverse Events Associated with Immune Checkpoint Blockade. N. Engl J Med. 2018;378:158–68.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Vasankari V, Halonen J, Vasankari T, Anttila V, Airaksinen J, Sievanen H, et al. Physical activity and sedentary behaviour in secondary prevention of coronary artery disease: A review. Am J Prev Cardiol. 2021;5:100146.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Jia EZ, Liang J, Yang ZJ, Zhu TB, Wang LS, Chen B, et al. Smoking and coronary atherosclerosis: follow-up study in China. Clinical and experimental pharmacology &amp. physiology 2009;36:690–5.

    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Webber BJ, Seguin PG, Burnett DG, Clark LL, Otto JL. Prevalence of and risk factors for autopsy-determined atherosclerosis among US service members, 2001-2011. JAMA. 2012;308:2577–83.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Alshammary AF, Alharbi KK, Alshehri NJ, Vennu V, Ali Khan I. Metabolic Syndrome and Coronary Artery Disease Risk: A Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies. Int J Environ Res Pub Health. 2021;18:1773.

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Yun BH, Chon SJ, Lee YJ, Han EJ, Cho S, Choi YS, et al. Association of metabolic syndrome with coronary atherosclerosis in non-diabetic postmenopausal women. Climacteric. 2015;18:284–9.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Hitsumoto T, Takahashi M, Iizuka T, Shirai K. Relationship between metabolic syndrome and early stage coronary atherosclerosis. J Atheroscler Thromb. 2007;14:294–302.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Habel LA, Danforth KN, Quesenberry CP, Capra A, Van Den Eeden SK, Weiss NS, et al. Cohort study of insulin glargine and risk of breast, prostate, and colorectal cancer among patients with diabetes. Diab Care. 2013;36:3953–60.

    Article 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Ljung R, Talback M, Haglund B, Jonasson JM, Gudbjornsdottir S, Steineck G. Insulin glargine use and short-term incidence of malignancies – a three-year population-based observation. Acta Oncol. 2011;50:685–93.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Ruiter R, Visser LE, van Herk-Sukel MP, Coebergh JW, Haak HR, Geelhoed-Duijvestijn PH, et al. Risk of cancer in patients on insulin glargine and other insulin analogues in comparison with those on human insulin: results from a large population-based follow-up study. Diabetologia. 2012;55:51–62.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Karlstad O, Starup-Linde J, Vestergaard P, Hjellvik V, Bazelier MT, Schmidt MK, et al. Use of insulin and insulin analogs and risk of cancer – systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Curr Drug Saf. 2013;8:333–48.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Pollak MN, Schernhammer ES, Hankinson SE. Insulin-like growth factors and neoplasia. Nat Rev Cancer. 2004;4:505–18.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Pollak M. Insulin and insulin-like growth factor signalling in neoplasia. Nat Rev Cancer. 2008;8:915–28.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Weber C. Platelets and chemokines in atherosclerosis: partners in crime. Circ Res. 2005;96:612–6.

    Article 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Gawaz M, Langer H, May AE. Platelets in inflammation and atherogenesis. J Clin Investig. 2005;115:3378–84.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Libby P. Mechanisms of acute coronary syndromes and their implications for therapy. N. Engl J Med. 2013;368:2004–13.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Kaplan ZS, Jackson SP. The role of platelets in atherothrombosis. Hematol Am Soc Hematol Educ Program. 2011;2011:51–61.

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Davi G, Patrono C. Platelet activation and atherothrombosis. N. Engl J Med. 2007;357:2482–94.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Ruggeri ZM. Platelets in atherothrombosis. Nat Med. 2002;8:1227–34.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Ziegler M, Wang X, Peter K. Platelets in cardiac ischaemia/reperfusion injury: a promising therapeutic target. Cardiovasc Res. 2019;115:1178–88.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Rohlfing AK, Kolb K, Sigle M, Ziegler M, Bild A, Munzer P, et al. ACKR3 regulates platelet activation and ischemia-reperfusion tissue injury. Nat Commun. 2022;13:1823.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Mauri L, Elmariah S, Yeh RW, Cutlip DE, Steg PG, Windecker S, et al. Causes of late mortality with dual antiplatelet therapy after coronary stents. Eur Heart J. 2016;37:378–85.

    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Smeda M, Kieronska A, Proniewski B, Jasztal A, Selmi A, Wandzel K, et al. Dual antiplatelet therapy with clopidogrel and aspirin increases mortality in 4T1 metastatic breast cancer-bearing mice by inducing vascular mimicry in primary tumour. Oncotarget. 2018;9:17810–24.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Xulu K, Duarte R, Augustine T. Combined Anastrozole and Antiplatelet Therapy Treatment Differentially Promotes Breast Cancer Cell Survival. Microsc Microanal. 2020;26:497–508.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Arnachellen D, Xulu KR, Pillay K, Augustine TN. Breast Tumor Cells Evade the Cytotoxic Action of Anastrozole, Aspirin, and Clopidogrel Cocktail. Microsc Microanal. 2023;29:1205–19.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Stillfried GE, Saunders DN, Ranson M. Plasminogen binding and activation at the breast cancer cell surface: the integral role of urokinase activity. Breast Cancer Res. 2007;9:R14.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • De Cremoux P, Grandin L, Dieras V, Savignoni A, Degeorges A, Salmon R, et al. Urokinase-type plasminogen activator and plasminogen-activator-inhibitor type 1 predict metastases in good prognosis breast cancer patients. Anticancer Res. 2009;29:1475–82.

    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Blasi F, Verde P. Urokinase-dependent cell surface proteolysis and cancer. Semin Cancer Biol. 1990;1:117–26.

    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Hemsen A, Riethdorf L, Brunner N, Berger J, Ebel S, Thomssen C, et al. Comparative evaluation of urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor expression in primary breast carcinomas and on metastatic tumor cells. Int J Cancer. 2003;107:903–9.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Bianchi E, Cohen RL, Thor AT, Todd RF 3rd, Mizukami IF, et al. The urokinase receptor is expressed in invasive breast cancer but not in normal breast tissue. Cancer Res. 1994;54:861–6.

    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith HW, Marshall CJ. Regulation of cell signalling by uPAR. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2010;11:23–36.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Blasi F, Carmeliet P. uPAR: a versatile signalling orchestrator. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2002;3:932–43.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhou Y, Yu S, Chen D, Li H, Xu P, Yuan C, et al. Nafamostat Mesylate in Combination with the Mouse Amino-Terminal Fragment of Urokinase-Human Serum Albumin Improves the Treatment Outcome of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Therapy. Mol Pharm. 2023;20:905–17.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • von Minckwitz G, Schneeweiss A, Loibl S, Salat C, Denkert C, Rezai M, et al. Neoadjuvant carboplatin in patients with triple-negative and HER2-positive early breast cancer (GeparSixto; GBG 66): a randomised phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2014;15:747–56.

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Yang L, Xue J, Yang Z, Wang M, Yang P, Dong Y, et al. Side effects of CDK4/6 inhibitors in the treatment of HR+/HER2- advanced breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Ann Palliat Med. 2021;10:5590–9.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Montemurro F, Ellis P, Anton A, Wuerstlein R, Delaloge S, Bonneterre J, et al. Safety of trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) in patients with HER2-positive advanced breast cancer: Primary results from the KAMILLA study cohort 1. Eur J Cancer. 2019;109:92–102.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldstein JL, Brown MS. Regulation of the mevalonate pathway. Nature. 1990;343:425–30.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Dorsch M, Kowalczyk M, Planque M, Heilmann G, Urban S, Dujardin P, et al. Statins affect cancer cell plasticity with distinct consequences for tumor progression and metastasis. Cell Reports. 2021;37:110056.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Maric T, Bazhin A, Khodakivskyi P, Mikhaylov G, Solodnikova E, Yevtodiyenko A, et al. A bioluminescent-based probe for in vivo non-invasive monitoring of nicotinamide riboside uptake reveals a link between metastasis and NAD(+) metabolism. Biosens Bioelectron. 2023;220:114826.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Kadoglou NPE, Stasinopoulou M, Christodoulou E, Valsami G, Kostomitsopoulos N. Exercise training inhibits atherosclerosis progression and reduces VE-cadherin levels within atherosclerotic plaques in hypercholesterolemic mice. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 2022;623:39–43.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Spei ME, Samoli E, Bravi F, La Vecchia C, Bamia C, Benetou V. Physical activity in breast cancer survivors: A systematic review and meta-analysis on overall and breast cancer survival. Breast. 2019;44:144–52.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Neuhouser ML, Aragaki AK, Prentice RL, Manson JE, Chlebowski R, Carty CL, et al. Overweight, Obesity, and Postmenopausal Invasive Breast Cancer Risk: A Secondary Analysis of the Women’s Health Initiative Randomized Clinical Trials. JAMA Oncol. 2015;1:611–21.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Grundy SM. Obesity, metabolic syndrome, and coronary atherosclerosis. Circulation. 2002;105:2696–8.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Ford ES, Ajani UA, Croft JB, Critchley JA, Labarthe DR, Kottke TE, et al. Explaining the decrease in U.S. deaths from coronary disease, 1980-2000. N. Engl J Med. 2007;356:2388–98.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Meattini I, Marrazzo L, Saieva C, Desideri I, Scotti V, Simontacchi G, et al. Accelerated Partial-Breast Irradiation Compared With Whole-Breast Irradiation for Early Breast Cancer: Long-Term Results of the Randomized Phase III APBI-IMRT-Florence Trial. J Clin Oncol. 2020;38:4175–83.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Mast ME, van Kempen-Harteveld L, Heijenbrok MW, Kalidien Y, Rozema H, Jansen WP, et al. Left-sided breast cancer radiotherapy with and without breath-hold: does IMRT reduce the cardiac dose even further? Radiother Oncol. 2013;108:248–53.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Wright P, Suilamo S, Lindholm P, Kulmala J. Isocentric integration of intensity-modulated radiotherapy with electron fields improves field junction dose uniformity in postmastectomy radiotherapy. Acta Oncol. 2014;53:1019–26.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Yu PC, Wu CJ, Tsai YL, Shaw S, Sung SY, Lui LT, et al. Dosimetric analysis of tangent-based volumetric modulated arc therapy with deep inspiration breath-hold technique for left breast cancer patients. Radiat Oncol. 2018;13:231.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Ridker PM, Everett BM, Thuren T, MacFadyen JG, Chang WH, Ballantyne C, et al. Antiinflammatory Therapy with Canakinumab for Atherosclerotic Disease. N. Engl J Med. 2017;377:1119–31.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Bacchiega BC, Bacchiega AB, Usnayo MJ, Bedirian R, Singh G, Pinheiro GD. Interleukin 6 Inhibition and Coronary Artery Disease in a High-Risk Population: A Prospective Community-Based Clinical Study. J Am Heart Assoc. 2017;6:e005038.

  • Writing Group M, Mozaffarian D, Benjamin EJ, Go AS, Arnett DK, Blaha MJ, et al. Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics-2016 Update: A Report From the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2016;133:e38–360.

    Google Scholar 

  • Liblik K, Mulvagh SL, Hindmarch CCT, Alavi N, Johri AM. Depression and anxiety following acute myocardial infarction in women. Trends Cardiovasc Med. 2022;32:341–7.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang YH, Li JQ, Shi JF, Que JY, Liu JJ, Lappin JM, et al. Depression and anxiety in relation to cancer incidence and mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies. Mol Psychiatry. 2020;25:1487–99.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Byrne RA, Rossello X, Coughlan JJ, Barbato E, Berry C, Chieffo A, et al. 2023 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes. Eur Heart J. 2023;44:3720–826.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Sabatine MS, Morrow DA, Montalescot G, Dellborg M, Leiva-Pons JL, Keltai M, et al. Angiographic and clinical outcomes in patients receiving low-molecular-weight heparin versus unfractionated heparin in ST-elevation myocardial infarction treated with fibrinolytics in the CLARITY-TIMI 28 Trial. Circulation. 2005;112:3846–54.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhou J, Zhu J, Yu SJ, Ma HL, Chen J, Ding XF, et al. Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibition reduces glucose uptake to induce breast cancer cell growth arrest through AMPK/mTOR pathway. Biomed Pharmacother. 2020;132:110821.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Usman MS, Bhatt DL, Hameed I, Anker SD, Cheng AYY, Hernandez AF, et al. Effect of SGLT2 inhibitors on heart failure outcomes and cardiovascular death across the cardiometabolic disease spectrum: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet Diab Endocrinol. 2024;12:447–61.

    Article 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Piccart M, Hortobagyi GN, Campone M, Pritchard KI, Lebrun F, Ito Y, et al. Everolimus plus exemestane for hormone-receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor-2-negative advanced breast cancer: overall survival results from BOLERO-2dagger. Ann Oncol. 2014;25:2357–62.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Stone GW, Rizvi A, Newman W, Mastali K, Wang JC, Caputo R, et al. Everolimus-eluting versus paclitaxel-eluting stents in coronary artery disease. N. Engl J Med. 2010;362:1663–74.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Bangalore S, Makani H, Radford M, Thakur K, Toklu B, Katz SD, et al. Clinical outcomes with beta-blockers for myocardial infarction: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. Am J Med. 2014;127:939–53.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Montoya A, Varela-Ramirez A, Dickerson E, Pasquier E, Torabi A, Aguilera R, et al. The beta adrenergic receptor antagonist propranolol alters mitogenic and apoptotic signaling in late stage breast cancer. Biomed J. 2019;42:155–65.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • link

    Leave a Reply

    Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *